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Chaos Theory

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Chaos Theory approximately 1989 derives from economics, mathematics, biology, and physics views individuals as being complex and dynamic and believes that with progress comes challenges The Concept of Attraction process used by individuals to organize coherent self and then maintain and sustain it when change occurs  subdivisions of attraction: point attractor, pendulum attractor, torus attractor, and strange attractor point attractor - focus on choosing the best occupation based on a match between their personalities, abilities, and interests  pendulum attractor - describes swings in behavior (dichotomous either-or thinking, rigid beliefs)  torus attractor - routine, habitual, predictable thinking and behavior; control maintained by organization and classification strange attractor - strong sense of control, appreciate order and stability, adaptation and growth, chance as part of existence  Chaos Theory and Spirituality  connection - focus on how we are
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Constructivism

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Constructivism beginning in the late 1980-1990s theorists move from modern theories to postmodern ideas also known as: constructivism, constructivist, constructionism, social constructivism, contextualist, narrative  constructivism - defined by a type of learning theory that describes how individuals construct their own ideas about themselves, others, and their words, as they try to "make sense of" their real life and world experiences (knowledge is constructed by people and does not reflect actual reality: internal processes) social constructivism - covers a range of views regarding social processes and relational practices (external processes) belief: individuals do not separate individual and external processes but that they construct and live lives using both internal and external processes, that is set and social respectively  the blend of these approaches requires counselors to enter the psychosocial sphere of a person's career system, or us
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Adult Career Development Transition Model

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Schlossberg's Adult Career Development Transition Model Schlossberg in 1984 For an in-depth and organized presentation of the theory:  Schlossberg's Theory Three major parts: approach transition types of transition: anticipated transition - expected events unanticipated transition - unexpected events nonevent transition - anticipated and planned events that never happen identify coping resources take charge of transition The transition phases: pervasive transition with preoccupations and disruptions disbelief betrayal confusion anger resolution  Influences on transition:  the situation - variables such as triggers, timing, the source, role change, duration, previous experiences, etc.  the self - personal and psychological resources, demographic variables, resilience, optimism, etc. support - relationships, family, friends, network, institutions, options, etc. strategies - coping responses, felt control, interaction, balance, etc.
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Ecological Model of Development

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Race and Gender Ecological Model of Development developed by Cook, Heppner, and O'Brien in 2002 "Human behavior results from the ongoing, dynamic interaction between the person and the environment. Behavior is the result of a multiplicity of factors at the individual, interpersonal, and broader sociocultural levels." This model has been used to understand and intervene in the vocational behavior of diverse women (women and girls struggling with education and workplace sexual violence and legal issues). Utilizes Bronfenbrenner's four major subsystems:  microsystem - includes the interpersonal interactions within a given environment mesosytem - interaction between two or more microsystems exosystem - linkages between subsystems that directly influence the individual macrosystem - norms and values of an ideological society  For more explanation:  Bronfrenbrenner's Model Humans live in interaction with their environment.  Every person
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Learning Theory Model

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Learning Theory Model developed by Krumboltz in 2009  "The Happenstance Learning Theory most aligns with how I view this process. I can understand through the reading that there is a wide scope of interest when applying this theory to the clients as it not only views them but, again, everything around them. It also recognizes that clients are confounded by the many variables of life, thus understanding that this person's experiences and influences can change and shape their journeys. There is another emphasis on sitting with clients as they are in their present situations and guiding a process of acceptance. It also calls attention to the inevitable questioning of one's decision and permits counselors to decrease ambiguity of the client's situation. It reframes the roadblocks as opportunities and takes events that make clients unsure of their situation and turns them into situations of potential. I believe that this theory is most applicable to the real lives an
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Social Cognitive Career Model

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Social Cognitive Career Theory developed in 1994 by Lent, Brown, and Hackett The theory was developed to explain three linked aspects of career development:  development of interests the choice of educational and career options performance and persistence in educational and vocational realms The theory is an extension of Bandura's social cognitive theory and Hackett and Betz's career self-efficacy theory of the 1980's.  This theory hypothesizes the influence of individual and contextual factors on the sociocognitive mechanisms of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals and their influence on interests, actions, and performance. Self-efficacy beliefs are defined as people's judgement of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action requires to attain designated types of performance. Outcome expectancies are defined as personal beliefs about probable response outcomes. As a result of developing interests, one may experience pe
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Holland's Theory

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Holland's Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments published in 1997 Holland asks:    What personal and environmental characteristics lead to satisfying career decisions, involvement, and achievement, and what characteristics lead to indecision, dissatisfying decisions, or lack of accomplishment?  What personal and environmental characteristics lead to stability or change in the kind and level of work a person performs over a lifetime? What are the most effective methods for providing assistance to people with career problems?  His theory simply categorized in 6 personality types: Realistic Investigative Artistic Social Enterprising Conventional For more information, see this video on this theory's personality types. Holland says, "The pairing of persons and environments leads to outcomes that we can predict and understand from our knowledge of the personality types and the environmental models."  Key Principles in
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